Epilogue
Document identifier: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-77993
Keyword: Engineering and Technology,
Civil Engineering,
Geotechnical Engineering,
Teknik och teknologier,
Samhällsbyggnadsteknik,
Geoteknik,
Soil MechanicsPublication year: 2020Relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):
The SDG label(s) above have been assigned by OSDG.aiAbstract: In more than six centuries which followed the fall of Baghdad to the hands of Hulagu and his Mongol troops in 1258 until the establishment of the modern state of Iraq in 1920. The timeline of the country cannot be described but only as a sequence of tragic events in which this once most prosperous land sank into unending bloodsheds, destruction, constant retrogression and deep poverty. Calamities such as flooding, epidemics, locusts and famines did not spare millions of its population, and to speak of Baghdad only, the 1,000,000 who used to live there in the golden days of the Abbasids dwindled to merely few thousands at the turn of the twentieth century. The early stage of this severe collapse was due to the interference of the Mongols with the irrigation systems on which the life of people had depended. Admitting that the damage that was sustained during the Buwayhids and Seljuks times left these systems in dilapidated and bad conditions, but the Mongols managed to add more destruction so that agriculture diminished to small plots of lands, which could not keep up the large population anymore and made any effort of reform nearly impossible. Borrowing from the words of Stephen Hemsley longrigg in his book “Four Centuries of Modern Iraq” he says:
“Most ruinous of Holagu’s acts had been the studied destruction of the dykes and head works, whose ancient and perfect system had been the sole source of the wealth. Disordered times, and the very silting and scouring of the rivers once let loose, soon made the restoration of control the remote, perhaps hopeless problem today still unsolved”[1].
Authors
Nasrat Adamo
Consultant Engineer, Norrköping, Sweden
Other publications
>>
Nadhir Al-Ansari
Luleå tekniska universitet; Geoteknologi
Other publications
>>
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header:
identifier: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-77993
datestamp: 2021-04-19T12:42:38Z
setSpec: SwePub-ltu
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recordCreationDate: 2020-03-08
identifier: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-77993
titleInfo:
@attributes:
lang: eng
title: Epilogue
abstract: In more than six centuries which followed the fall of Baghdad to the hands of Hulagu and his Mongol troops in 1258 until the establishment of the modern state of Iraq in 1920. The timeline of the country cannot be described but only as a sequence of tragic events in which this once most prosperous land sank into unending bloodsheds destruction constant retrogression and deep poverty. Calamities such as flooding epidemics locusts and famines did not spare millions of its population and to speak of Baghdad only the 1000000 who used to live there in the golden days of the Abbasids dwindled to merely few thousands at the turn of the twentieth century. The early stage of this severe collapse was due to the interference of the Mongols with the irrigation systems on which the life of people had depended. Admitting that the damage that was sustained during the Buwayhids and Seljuks times left these systems in dilapidated and bad conditions but the Mongols managed to add more destruction so that agriculture diminished to small plots of lands which could not keep up the large population anymore and made any effort of reform nearly impossible. Borrowing from the words of Stephen Hemsley longrigg in his book “Four Centuries of Modern Iraq” he says:
“Most ruinous of Holagu’s acts had been the studied destruction of the dykes and head works whose ancient and perfect system had been the sole source of the wealth. Disordered times and the very silting and scouring of the rivers once let loose soon made the restoration of control the remote perhaps hopeless problem today still unsolved”1.
subject:
@attributes:
lang: eng
authority: uka.se
topic:
Engineering and Technology
Civil Engineering
Geotechnical Engineering
@attributes:
lang: swe
authority: uka.se
topic:
Teknik och teknologier
Samhällsbyggnadsteknik
Geoteknik
@attributes:
lang: swe
authority: ltu
topic: Geoteknik
genre: Research subject
@attributes:
lang: eng
authority: ltu
topic: Soil Mechanics
genre: Research subject
language:
languageTerm: eng
genre:
publication/journal-article
ref
note:
Published
2
Validerad;2020;Nivå 1;2020-04-24 (alebob)
name:
@attributes:
type: personal
namePart:
Adamo
Nasrat
role:
roleTerm: aut
affiliation: Consultant Engineer Norrköping Sweden
@attributes:
type: personal
authority: ltu
namePart:
Al-Ansari
Nadhir
1947-
role:
roleTerm: aut
affiliation:
Luleå tekniska universitet
Geoteknologi
nameIdentifier:
nadhir
0000-0002-6790-2653
originInfo:
dateIssued: 2020
publisher: Scientific Press International Limited
place:
placeTerm: UK
relatedItem:
@attributes:
type: host
titleInfo:
title: Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering
identifier:
1792-9040
1792-9660
part:
detail:
@attributes:
type: volume
number: 10
@attributes:
type: issue
number: 3
extent:
start: 283
end: 285
location:
url: https://www.scienpress.com/journal_focus.asp?main_id=59&Sub_id=IV&Issue=1698383
url: http://ltu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1412798/FULLTEXT01.pdf
accessCondition: gratis
physicalDescription:
form: electronic
typeOfResource: text