High temperature tribology and wear of selective laser melted (SLM) 316L stainless steel

Document identifier: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-77860
Access full text here:10.1016/j.wear.2020.203228
Keyword: Engineering and Technology, Materials Engineering, Other Materials Engineering, Teknik och teknologier, Materialteknik, Annan materialteknik, Selective laser melting, Stainless steel, High temperature wear, Microstructure, Engineering Materials
Publication year: 2020
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Abstract:

High temperature wear behaviour of selective laser melted (SLM) 316L stainless steel (SS) was studied to elucidate the influence of characteristic microstructure of SLM 316L SS on the wear properties. The wear tests were conducted from room temperature (RT) to 600 °C using ball-on-disc setup with alumina counter ball. The effect of temperature on the wear rate and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated and compared with conventional 316 SS. The RT coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate of SLM 316L SS and conventional 316 SS were 0.5 and 4.6 ± 0.4 x 10−4 mm3/Nm and 0.7 and 4.5 ± 0.1 x 10−4 mm3/Nm, respectively. The wear rate of conventional 316 SS slightly decreased with increasing temperature from 4.5 ± 0.1 x 10−4 mm3/Nm at RT to 3.2 ± 0.1 x 10−4 mm3/Nm at 300 °C, followed by increasing to 4.9 ± 0.4 x 10−4 mm3/Nm at 400 °C, while the wear rate of SLM 316L SS was twofold lower with 2.3 ± 0.6 x 10−4 mm3/Nm at 300 °C and 2.7 ± 0.3 x 10−4 mm3/Nm at 400 °C. The wear rate at 600 °C was found to be comparable between SLM 316L SS and conventional 316 SS with a wear rate of 6.4 ± 0.7 x 10−4 mm3/Nm and 6.6 ± 0.6 x 10−4 mm3/Nm, respectively. The lower wear rate in SLM 316L SS at higher temperatures of 300 °C and 400 °C was due to its stable hierarchical microstructure, cellular subgrains, formation of stable oxide glaze and higher hardness. Moreover, the cross-sectional microscopy of wear track after 600 °C wear tests showed that the deformation zone below the wear track in SLM 316L SS was 10–15 μm compared to 30–40 μm for conventional 316 SS. The two folds low wear rate of the SLM 316L SS at 300 °C and 400 °C compared to conventional 316 SS could potentially render it for usage in applications where high temperature wear resistant SS are needed.

Authors

Sajid Alvi

Luleå tekniska universitet; Materialvetenskap
Other publications >>

Kamran Saeidi

Luleå tekniska universitet; Materialvetenskap
Other publications >>

Farid Akhtar

Luleå tekniska universitet; Materialvetenskap
Other publications >>

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    header: 
        identifier: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-77860
        datestamp: 2021-04-19T12:42:03Z
        setSpec: SwePub-ltu
    metadata: 
        mods: 
            @attributes: 
                version: 3.7
            recordInfo: 
                recordContentSource: ltu
                recordCreationDate: 2020-02-25
            identifier: 
                http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-77860
                10.1016/j.wear.2020.203228
                2-s2.0-85079400326
            titleInfo: 
                @attributes: 
                    lang: eng
                title: High temperature tribology and wear of selective laser melted (SLM) 316L stainless steel
            abstract: 
High temperature wear behaviour of selective laser melted (SLM) 316L stainless steel (SS) was studied to elucidate the influence of characteristic microstructure of SLM 316L SS on the wear properties. The wear tests were conducted from room temperature (RT) to 600 °C using ball-on-disc setup with alumina counter ball. The effect of temperature on the wear rate and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated and compared with conventional 316 SS. The RT coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate of SLM 316L SS and conventional 316 SS were 0.5 and 4.6 ± 0.4 x 10−4 mm3/Nm and 0.7 and 4.5 ± 0.1 x 10−4 mm3/Nm respectively. The wear rate of conventional 316 SS slightly decreased with increasing temperature from 4.5 ± 0.1 x 10−4 mm3/Nm at RT to 3.2 ± 0.1 x 10−4 mm3/Nm at 300 °C followed by increasing to 4.9 ± 0.4 x 10−4 mm3/Nm at 400 °C while the wear rate of SLM 316L SS was twofold lower with 2.3 ± 0.6 x 10−4 mm3/Nm at 300 °C and 2.7 ± 0.3 x 10−4 mm3/Nm at 400 °C. The wear rate at 600 °C was found to be comparable between SLM 316L SS and conventional 316 SS with a wear rate of 6.4 ± 0.7 x 10−4 mm3/Nm and 6.6 ± 0.6 x 10−4 mm3/Nm respectively. The lower wear rate in SLM 316L SS at higher temperatures of 300 °C and 400 °C was due to its stable hierarchical microstructure cellular subgrains formation of stable oxide glaze and higher hardness. Moreover the cross-sectional microscopy of wear track after 600 °C wear tests showed that the deformation zone below the wear track in SLM 316L SS was 10–15 μm compared to 30–40 μm for conventional 316 SS. The two folds low wear rate of the SLM 316L SS at 300 °C and 400 °C compared to conventional 316 SS could potentially render it for usage in applications where high temperature wear resistant SS are needed.

            subject: 
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: eng
                        authority: uka.se
                    topic: 
                        Engineering and Technology
                        Materials Engineering
                        Other Materials Engineering
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: swe
                        authority: uka.se
                    topic: 
                        Teknik och teknologier
                        Materialteknik
                        Annan materialteknik
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: eng
                    topic: Selective laser melting
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: eng
                    topic: Stainless steel
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: eng
                    topic: High temperature wear
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: eng
                    topic: Microstructure
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: eng
                        authority: ltu
                    topic: Engineering Materials
                    genre: Research subject
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: swe
                        authority: ltu
                    topic: Materialteknik
                    genre: Research subject
            language: 
                languageTerm: eng
            genre: 
                publication/journal-article
                ref
            note: 
                Published
                3
                
Validerad;2020;Nivå 2;2020-02-25 (alebob)

            name: 
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                        type: personal
                        authority: ltu
                    namePart: 
                        Alvi
                        Sajid
                    role: 
                        roleTerm: aut
                    affiliation: 
                        Luleå tekniska universitet
                        Materialvetenskap
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                        sajali
                        0000-0003-3735-2133
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                        type: personal
                        authority: ltu
                    namePart: 
                        Saeidi
                        Kamran
                    role: 
                        roleTerm: aut
                    affiliation: 
                        Luleå tekniska universitet
                        Materialvetenskap
                    nameIdentifier: kamsae
                    @attributes: 
                        type: personal
                        authority: ltu
                    namePart: 
                        Akhtar
                        Farid
                    role: 
                        roleTerm: aut
                    affiliation: 
                        Luleå tekniska universitet
                        Materialvetenskap
                    nameIdentifier: 
                        farakh
                        0000-0003-4888-6237
            originInfo: 
                dateIssued: 2020
                publisher: Elsevier
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                    type: host
                titleInfo: 
                    title: Wear
                identifier: 
                    0043-1648
                    1873-2577
                part: 
                    detail: 
                            @attributes: 
                                type: volume
                            number: 448-449
                            @attributes: 
                                type: artNo
                            number: 203228
            physicalDescription: 
                form: print
            typeOfResource: text