Soil and Groundwater Pollution Assessment and Delineation of Intensity Risk Map in Sulaymaniyah City, NE of Iraq
Document identifier: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-76426
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10.3390/w11102158Keyword: Engineering and Technology,
Teknik och teknologier,
Civil Engineering,
Geotechnical Engineering,
Samhällsbyggnadsteknik,
Geoteknik,
LNAPL,
DNAPL,
Groundwater and soil contamination,
Oil leakage,
Sulaymaniyah,
Kurdistan region,
Iraq,
Soil MechanicsPublication year: 2019Relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):
The SDG label(s) above have been assigned by OSDG.aiAbstract: Groundwater and soil pollution caused by (PAHs) spills, mostly from the oil industry and petrol stations in urban areas, represent a major environmental concern worldwide. However, infiltration into groundwater is decreasing due to the natural attenuation processes of PAHs in the vadose zone, which protect invaluable groundwater resources against contamination. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of improper management of the petroleum industry on the groundwater and soil surrounding the petrol station and an oil refinery unit and, furthermore, to prepare the polluted risk intensity (PRI) map. Fifty-one soil samples and twenty-five water samples were analyzed for Light Non-aqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPLs), and one soil sample for Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPLs); furthermore, six soil samples analyzed for Tetraethyl Lead (TEL) analysis. The results showed that seventeen wells were polluted with LNAPLs and the soils were highly contaminated with different DNAPLs components and mainly was in the form of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Seven factors introduced to the GIS platform to produce PRI map, which is the distance to source, depth to water table, slope, lineaments, lithology, soil, and recharge rate. The final map revealed that the eastern and western parts of the study area are at a very high-risk level, whereas the center is at a very low to low-risk level.
Authors
Diary Ali Mohammed Amin Al Manmi
Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Other publications
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Twana Omer Abdullah
Sulaymaniyah Groundwater Directorate, Sulaymaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Other publications
>>
Peshawa Mahmood Al-Jaf
Sulaymaniyah Groundwater Directorate, Sulaymaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Other publications
>>
Nadhir Al-Ansari
Luleå tekniska universitet; Geoteknologi
Other publications
>>
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header:
identifier: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-76426
datestamp: 2021-04-19T12:37:09Z
setSpec: SwePub-ltu
metadata:
mods:
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version: 3.7
recordInfo:
recordContentSource: ltu
recordCreationDate: 2019-10-17
identifier:
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76426
10.3390/w11102158
2-s2.0-85074324457
titleInfo:
@attributes:
lang: eng
title: Soil and Groundwater Pollution Assessment and Delineation of Intensity Risk Map in Sulaymaniyah City NE of Iraq
abstract: Groundwater and soil pollution caused by (PAHs) spills mostly from the oil industry and petrol stations in urban areas represent a major environmental concern worldwide. However infiltration into groundwater is decreasing due to the natural attenuation processes of PAHs in the vadose zone which protect invaluable groundwater resources against contamination. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of improper management of the petroleum industry on the groundwater and soil surrounding the petrol station and an oil refinery unit and furthermore to prepare the polluted risk intensity (PRI) map. Fifty-one soil samples and twenty-five water samples were analyzed for Light Non-aqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPLs) and one soil sample for Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPLs); furthermore six soil samples analyzed for Tetraethyl Lead (TEL) analysis. The results showed that seventeen wells were polluted with LNAPLs and the soils were highly contaminated with different DNAPLs components and mainly was in the form of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Seven factors introduced to the GIS platform to produce PRI map which is the distance to source depth to water table slope lineaments lithology soil and recharge rate. The final map revealed that the eastern and western parts of the study area are at a very high-risk level whereas the center is at a very low to low-risk level.
subject:
@attributes:
lang: eng
authority: uka.se
topic: Engineering and Technology
@attributes:
lang: swe
authority: uka.se
topic: Teknik och teknologier
@attributes:
lang: eng
authority: uka.se
topic:
Engineering and Technology
Civil Engineering
Geotechnical Engineering
@attributes:
lang: swe
authority: uka.se
topic:
Teknik och teknologier
Samhällsbyggnadsteknik
Geoteknik
@attributes:
lang: eng
topic: LNAPL
@attributes:
lang: eng
topic: DNAPL
@attributes:
lang: eng
topic: groundwater and soil contamination
@attributes:
lang: eng
topic: oil leakage
@attributes:
lang: eng
topic: Sulaymaniyah
@attributes:
lang: eng
topic: Kurdistan region
@attributes:
lang: eng
topic: Iraq
@attributes:
lang: swe
authority: ltu
topic: Geoteknik
genre: Research subject
@attributes:
lang: eng
authority: ltu
topic: Soil Mechanics
genre: Research subject
language:
languageTerm: eng
genre:
publication/journal-article
ref
note:
Published
4
Validerad;2019;Nivå 2;2019-10-21 (johcin)
name:
@attributes:
type: personal
namePart:
Al Manmi
Diary Ali Mohammed Amin
role:
roleTerm: aut
affiliation: Department of Geology College of Science University of Sulaimani Sulaymaniyah Iraq
@attributes:
type: personal
namePart:
Abdullah
Twana Omer
role:
roleTerm: aut
affiliation: Sulaymaniyah Groundwater Directorate Sulaymaniyah Iraqi Kurdistan Region
@attributes:
type: personal
namePart:
Al-Jaf
Peshawa Mahmood
role:
roleTerm: aut
affiliation: Sulaymaniyah Groundwater Directorate Sulaymaniyah Iraqi Kurdistan Region
@attributes:
type: personal
authority: ltu
namePart:
Al-Ansari
Nadhir
1947-
role:
roleTerm: aut
affiliation:
Luleå tekniska universitet
Geoteknologi
nameIdentifier:
nadhir
0000-0002-6790-2653
originInfo:
dateIssued: 2019
publisher: MDPI
relatedItem:
@attributes:
type: host
titleInfo:
title: Water
identifier:
2073-4441
2073-4441
part:
detail:
@attributes:
type: volume
number: 11
@attributes:
type: issue
number: 10
@attributes:
type: artNo
number: 2158
location:
url: http://ltu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1362007/FULLTEXT01.pdf
accessCondition: gratis
physicalDescription:
form: electronic
typeOfResource: text