Assessment of the LeadCare® Plus for Use on Scandinavian Brown Bears (Ursus arctos)

Document identifier: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-76268
Access full text here:10.3389/fvets.2019.00285
Keyword: Natural Sciences, Earth and Related Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Naturvetenskap, Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Geokemi, Blood lead, Lead exposure, Ursus, Anodic stripping voltammetry, Pb, Tillämpad geokemi, Applied Geochemistry
Publication year: 2019
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Abstract:

Lead (Pb) exposure is associated with adverse health effects in both humans and wildlife. Blood lead levels (BLL) of sentinel wildlife species can be used to monitor environmental lead exposure and ecosystem health. BLL analyzers, such as the LeadCare (R), are validated for use in humans, assessed for use in some avian species and cattle, and are increasingly being used on wildlife to monitor lead exposure. The LeadCare (R) analyzers use a technique called anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). Species-specific conversion equations have been proposed to approximate the levels found with gold standard measuring methods such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) because the ASV method has been shown to underestimate BLL in some species. In this study we assessed the LeadCare (R) Plus (LCP) for use on Scandinavian brown bears (Ursus arctos). LCP measurements were correlated with ICP-MS with a Bland-Altman analyzed bias of 16.3-22.5%, showing a consistent overestimation of BLL analyzed with LCP. Based on this analysis we provide conversion equations for calculating ICP-MS BLL based on the LCP results in Scandinavian brown bears. Our study shows that the LeadCare (R) Plus can be used for monitoring of lead exposure by approximating gold standard levels using conversion equations. This enables comparison with other gold standard measured BLL within the observed range of this study (38.20-174.00 mu g/L). Our study also found that Scandinavian brown bears are highly exposed to environmental lead.

Authors

Amanda H. Boesen

Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Koppang, Norway
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Alexandra Thiel

Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Koppang, Norway
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Boris Fuchs

Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Koppang, Norway
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Alina L. Evans

Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Koppang, Norway
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Mads F. Bertelsen

Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Ilia Rodushkin

Luleå tekniska universitet; Geovetenskap och miljöteknik; ALS Scandinavia AB
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Jon M. Arnemo

Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Koppang, Norway. Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest S
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    header: 
        identifier: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-76268
        datestamp: 2021-06-11T23:03:51Z
        setSpec: SwePub-ltu
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                version: 3.7
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                recordCreationDate: 2019-10-07
            identifier: 
                http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76268
                10.3389/fvets.2019.00285
                2-s2.0-85072725355
            titleInfo: 
                @attributes: 
                    lang: eng
                title: Assessment of the LeadCare® Plus for Use on Scandinavian Brown Bears (Ursus arctos)
            abstract: 
Lead (Pb) exposure is associated with adverse health effects in both humans and wildlife. Blood lead levels (BLL) of sentinel wildlife species can be used to monitor environmental lead exposure and ecosystem health. BLL analyzers such as the LeadCare (R) are validated for use in humans assessed for use in some avian species and cattle and are increasingly being used on wildlife to monitor lead exposure. The LeadCare (R) analyzers use a technique called anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). Species-specific conversion equations have been proposed to approximate the levels found with gold standard measuring methods such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) because the ASV method has been shown to underestimate BLL in some species. In this study we assessed the LeadCare (R) Plus (LCP) for use on Scandinavian brown bears (Ursus arctos). LCP measurements were correlated with ICP-MS with a Bland-Altman analyzed bias of 16.3-22.5% showing a consistent overestimation of BLL analyzed with LCP. Based on this analysis we provide conversion equations for calculating ICP-MS BLL based on the LCP results in Scandinavian brown bears. Our study shows that the LeadCare (R) Plus can be used for monitoring of lead exposure by approximating gold standard levels using conversion equations. This enables comparison with other gold standard measured BLL within the observed range of this study (38.20-174.00 mu g/L). Our study also found that Scandinavian brown bears are highly exposed to environmental lead.

            subject: 
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: eng
                        authority: uka.se
                    topic: 
                        Natural Sciences
                        Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
                        Geochemistry
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: swe
                        authority: uka.se
                    topic: 
                        Naturvetenskap
                        Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap
                        Geokemi
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: eng
                    topic: blood lead
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: eng
                    topic: lead exposure
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: eng
                    topic: Ursus
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: eng
                    topic: anodic stripping voltammetry
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: eng
                    topic: Pb
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: swe
                        authority: ltu
                    topic: Tillämpad geokemi
                    genre: Research subject
                    @attributes: 
                        lang: eng
                        authority: ltu
                    topic: Applied Geochemistry
                    genre: Research subject
            language: 
                languageTerm: eng
            genre: 
                publication/journal-article
                ref
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                Published
                7
                
Validerad;2019;Nivå 2;2019-10-07 (johcin)

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                        Boesen
                        Amanda H.
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                    affiliation: Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Faculty of Applied Ecology Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Koppang Norway
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                        Thiel
                        Alexandra
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                    affiliation: Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Faculty of Applied Ecology Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Koppang Norway
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                        Fuchs
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                    affiliation: Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Faculty of Applied Ecology Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Koppang Norway
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                        Evans
                        Alina L.
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                    affiliation: Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Faculty of Applied Ecology Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Koppang Norway
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                        Bertelsen
                        Mads F.
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                    affiliation: Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health Copenhagen Zoo Frederiksberg Denmark
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                    namePart: 
                        Rodushkin
                        Ilia
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                        roleTerm: aut
                    affiliation: 
                        Luleå tekniska universitet
                        Geovetenskap och miljöteknik
                        ALS Scandinavia AB
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                        Arnemo
                        Jon M.
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                        roleTerm: aut
                    affiliation: Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Faculty of Applied Ecology Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Koppang Norway. Department of Wildlife Fish and Environmental Studies Faculty of Forest Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
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                dateIssued: 2019
                publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
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                    title: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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